Interior Design
Exemplified by the geometric designs of famous New York buildings such as the Chrysler Building and Rockefeller Center, Art Deco was the most fashionable international design movement in modern art from 1925 until the 1940s.
Like the earlier Arts
and Crafts Movement, as well as the curve linear style of design known
as Art Nouveau, as well as the German Bauhaus
design school concept, Art Deco embraced all types of art,
including crafts as well as
fine arts. It was applied to decorative
art like interior design, furniture, jewellery,
textiles, fashion and industrial design, as well as to the applied
art of architecture and the visual arts of painting, and graphics.
The art deco style, which above all reflected
modern technology, was characterized by smooth lines, geometric shapes,
streamlined forms and bright, sometimes garish colors. Initially a luxury
style (a reaction against the austerity imposed by World War I) employing
costly materials like silver, crystal, ivory, jade and lacquer, after
the Depression it also used cheaper and mass-produced materials like chrome,
plastics, and other industrial items catering to the growing middle class
taste for a design style that was elegant, glamorous and functional.
Note : For other art and design movements similar to Art Deco, see Art Movements, Periods, Schools (from about 100 BCE).
Hallway Mirror (Click Image To Buy)
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The word art deco derives from the 1925
Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs Industriels et Modernes,
held in Paris. The show was organized by an association of French artists
known as, La Societe des Artistes Decorateurs (society of decorator
artists), led by its founders Hector
Guimard (1867-1942), Eugene Grasset, Raoul Lachenal, Paul Follot,
Maurice Dufrene, and Emile Decour, some of whom were previously involved
in Art Nouveau. Note however that the term Art Deco was not widely used
until popularized by the art historian and critic Bevis Hillier in her
book Art Deco of the 20s and 30s (1968).
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Art Deco owed something to several of the
major art styles of the early 20th century. These formative influences
include the geometric forms of Cubism (note:
Art Deco has been called "Cubism Tamed"), the machine-style
forms of Constructivism and Futurism,
and the unifying approach of Art Nouveau. Its highly intense colours may
have stemmed from Parisian Fauvism. Art Deco
borrowed also from Aztec and Egyptian
art, as well as from Classical Antiquity. Unlike its earlier counterpart
Art Nouveau, however, Art Deco had no philosophical basis it was purely
decorative.
The Art Deco style, adopted by architects
and designers around the world, spanned the "Roaring Twenties",
the Great Depression of the early 1930s, and the years leading up to the
Second World War. It suffered a decline in popularity during the late
30s and early 40s, when it began to be seen as too gaudy and ostentatious
for wartime austerity, after which it quickly fell out of fashion. The
first resurgence of interest in Art Deco occurred in the 1960s coincident
with the movement's affect on Pop Art and then again in the 1980s, in
line with growing interest in graphic design. The style appeared in a
number of jewellery and fashion ads.
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